Does intra-industry specialisation enhance or limit comparative advantage? Evidence from the world citrus fruit trade

In this paper, we aim to identify the intensity and nature of intra-industry specialisation in global trade citrus fruits. We used data from United Nations Comtrade database. performed both static dynamic assessments (IIT) by using traditional Grubel-Lloyd index marginal IIT (MIIT) index, respectively. also separated into horizontal vertical trade, verified relationship between changes pattern level comparative advantage gained largest producers exporters fruits world. revealed symmetric (RSCA) evaluate international competitiveness. Conducting these analyses allowed us fill existing research gap identifying products with specific quality characteristics but at a lower processing stage. The study's results indicated that stronger or more intensive shifts toward deepening specialisation, lesser country export Nevertheless, increased does not always lead deterioration value balance.